Prilocaine is a local anesthetic that blocks pain signals in a specific area of the body. It belongs to the amide family, which also includes lidocaine and bupivacaine. When you get a dental filling or a minor skin procedure, the doctor may inject Prilocaine to numb the spot so you don’t feel anything.
Unlike some other anesthetics, Prilocaine has a slightly slower onset, meaning it takes a few minutes to kick in. Once it does, the numbness can last anywhere from 30 minutes to a few hours, depending on the dose and where it’s used. The drug works by stopping sodium channels in nerve cells from firing, which cuts the pain signal at the source.
In dentistry, Prilocaine is often mixed with a small amount of epinephrine to keep the blood vessels tight and the numbness longer. Dentists love it because it’s less likely to cause a rapid heart rate compared to lidocaine with epinephrine.
Outside the mouth, doctors use Prilocaine for minor skin surgeries, like removing a mole or stitching a small cut. It’s also a go‑to for nerve blocks in the arm or leg when a patient needs a short‑term pain break after an injury.
If you’re looking at a cream or gel labeled “Prilocaine 5%,” that’s a topical form used for minor burns, insect bites, or hemorrhoid discomfort. The cream spreads the drug over the surface, giving a superficial numbing effect without a needle.
Prilocaine is generally safe when a professional chooses the right dose. The most common complaints are temporary tingling or a feeling of heaviness in the numb area. These sensations fade as the anesthetic wears off.
Rarely, people can develop methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood can’t carry enough oxygen. This risk increases if you use large amounts or have certain enzyme deficiencies. Symptoms include shortness of breath, bluish skin, or fatigue. If any of these show up, get medical help right away.
Because Prilocaine can affect blood pressure, doctors avoid giving it to patients with severe heart problems without careful monitoring. Always tell your clinician about any heart issues, allergies, or medicines you’re already taking.
When you’re prepping for a procedure, ask the provider what dose they plan to use and whether they’ll add epinephrine. Knowing these details helps you feel more in control and reduces anxiety about the numbing process.
Overall, Prilocaine offers a reliable, relatively gentle way to block pain for short procedures. By understanding how it works, where it’s used, and what side effects to watch for, you can make an informed decision and stay comfortable during your next minor surgery or dental visit.
Explore how Prilocaine works in regional anesthesia, compare it with other local anesthetics, and learn safety tips to avoid methemoglobinemia.
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